The need for a generally acceptable classification of transitional cell tumors of the bladder is emphasized. Principles of tumor grading and staging, and the histologic criteria for the diagnosis of papilloma and the various types of carcinoma, are described in detail. Pre-invasive cancer is defined and possible ways in which it might evolve and develop, and the lack of knowledge of its natural history, are discussed.
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R. C. B. Pugh (1973) studied this question.
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