Key result
Pharmacological agents like dexmedetomidine and non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive training and cerebral oxygenation can significantly reduce postoperative delirium and dementia risk.
Why the study?
The etiology, risk factors, and predictive biomarkers of postoperative delirium and dementia after cardiac surgery have not been well elucidated, particularly in patients with unmanifested underlying cognitive impairments.
Postoperative delirium and dementia are major complications of cardiac surgery that may be mitigated by specific pharmacological agents like dexmedetomidine and non-pharmacological strategies like cognitive training.
Preoperative cognitive screening and postoperative depression monitoring may aid prevention in cardiac surgery; extends RCT evidence on risk factors and interventions.
Delirium and dementia are considered to be the most significant postoperative neurocognitive complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, particularly those aged 60 years and older, which reduces the post-surgery quality of life, prolongs hospitalization, increases costs, and elevated the rates of mortality. Nevertheless, the etiology, risk factors, and predictive biomarkers, have not been well elucidated particularly, in patients with unmanifested underline cognitive impairments. The present study aimed to review the findings on the etiology, factors increasing the risk of incidence, and predictive biomarkers of postoperative delirium and dementia after cardiac surgery, and to describe the suggested pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
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Zadeh et al. (2023) conducted a review in Postoperative delirium and dementia. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions vs. Standard care or placebo was evaluated. Pharmacological agents like dexmedetomidine and non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive training and cerebral oxygenation can significantly reduce postoperative delirium and dementia risk.
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