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Synthesizes gravitational cardiovascular physiology for reference; leaves open prospective clinical validation in space and orthostatic contexts.
The sections in this article are: Hydrostatic Pressure Models Hydrostatic Indifference Point Transmural Pressure and Tissue Filtration Immediate Cardiovascular Responses to Posture Changes and Blood Volume Redistribution Experimental Conditions Blood Volume and Distribution Intravascular and Intracardiac Pressures Cardiac Dimensions and Pump Performance Cardiac Output Regional Flow Postural Effects on Hemodynamic Responses to Exercise Dynamic Responses to Posture Changes Cardiovascular Adaptation to Prolonged Bed Rest, Zero Gravity, and Related Conditions Experimental Conditions Body Composition Blood Volume Cardiovascular Function Dynamic Responses Hypergravic Conditions Experimental Conditions Fluid Shifts Cardiac Dimensions and Performance Cardiac Output and Regional Flow Dynamic Responses and Reflex Adjustments
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Blomqvist et al. (1983) studied this question.
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