Key result
Child cardiac vagal tone moderated maternal restrictive-parenting practices from 2 to 4 years of age, with physiologically dysregulated children more likely to experience restrictive parenting.
Cohort (n=104)
Child cardiac vagal tone is stable from 2 to 4 years of age and predicts maternal parenting practices, suggesting a physiological basis for child emotion regulation that influences parenting.
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Child vagal tone was associated with maternal restrictive parenting; hypothesis-generating for bidirectional effects and requires prospective trials before informing practice.
The longitudinal relations between physiological markers of child emotion regulation and maternal parenting practices were examined from 2 to 4 years of age. At Time 1, cardiac vagal tone was assessed for one hundred four 2-year-olds (54 females); their mothers completed an assessment of parenting styles. Two years later, at Time 2, 84 of the original participants were reassessed on measures of cardiac vagal tone and parenting style. Results indicated both baseline cardiac vagal tone and maternal parenting practices to be stable from 2 to 4 years of age. Children's cardiac vagal tone predicted specific parenting practices from the toddler to preschool years. Further, child cardiac vagal tone moderated maternal restrictive-parenting practices from 2 to 4 years of age; mothers of children who were highly or moderately physiologically dysregulated were more likely to report restrictive parenting practices at both 2 and 4 years of age.
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Kennedy et al. (2004) reported a cohort. Child cardiac vagal tone was evaluated on Maternal parenting practices. Child cardiac vagal tone moderated maternal restrictive-parenting practices from 2 to 4 years of age, with physiologically dysregulated children more likely to experience restrictive parenting.
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