Temperature variations of the electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectra and magnetization measurements are used to show that Ce 3+ ions in concentration ≃18% are present in 3 nm CeO 2 nanoparticles supported on silica aerogel. It is argued that the presence of Ce 3+ implies the defect structure CeO 2- x for ceria nanoparticles due to oxygen vacancies. This transformation of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ driven by oxygen vacancies may be the key to understanding the catalytic properties of ceria.
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Dutta et al. (2006) studied this question.
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