Highly efficient, indium tin oxide (ITO)-free and flexible organic photovoltaic cells are demonstrated with 10.4% power conversion efficiency (PCE) through the innovative integration of ultrathin metal film electrode, conductive fullerene interfacial layer, and efficient active blend into a microcavity-embedded device. In addition, a high PCE of 7.21% is achieved for the upsized devices with an active area of 1 cm2.
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Huang et al. (2015) studied this question.
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