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The four redox steps between the dication and the dianion of didodecylsexithiophene 1, a soluble oligothiophene with defined structure and chain length, were studied by a combination of in situ UV/VIS/near IR and ESR spectroscopy. The reversible dimerization 1˙+ → (1) provides a new description of the doping behavior of polythiophenes and conducting polymers in general.
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Bäuerle et al. (1993) studied this question.
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