Cardiovascular and Orthostatic Responses to a Festive Meal Associated With Alcohol in Young Men

Figures

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  Figure 1. Experimental design. During the test, the participants were in the sitting position except during the three phases of active standing (AS1, AS2, and AS3) performed before and at 110 and 230 min after meal ingestion. Breath alcohol concentration, reaction time tasks, and thermographic pictures were measured at different time points during the test.

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  Figure 2. Time course of changes in breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) after wine consumption with Nasi Goreng and cheese fondue meal. The calculated mean BrAC[15–240]min (‰) (± SEM) refers to the area under the concentration-time curve of BrAC between 15 and 240 min divided by 225 min after drink ingestion. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; NG, Nasi Goreng; CF, cheese fondue; NS, not significant.

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  Figure 3. Left panels (A–D): time course of changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in response to meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., absolute changes relative to baseline). Right panels (E–H): mean changes averaged over 0–2 h and 2–4 h after meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., average over 0–2 h and 2–4 h post-meal minus the average over the 30-min baseline period, respectively) for the same parameters. Test meals: NG = Nasi Goreng (, ), CF = cheese fondue (, ). Values are mean ± SEM. Symbols for Anova repeated measures analysis: @ meal effect, ‡ time × meal interaction effects. °Significant difference over time from baseline values (Dunnett’s test). Histograms: *significant difference between meal conditions (NG vs. CF) by paired t-test. Level of significance was mentioned as follow: 1 symbol (p < 0.05), 2 symbols (p < 0.01), 3 symbols (p < 0.001). Grey vertical bars represent orthostasis challenges.

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  Figure 4. Left panels (A–D): time course of changes in stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR) and double product (DP) in response to meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., absolute changes relative to baseline). Right panels (E–H): mean changes averaged over 0–2 h and 2–4 h after meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., average over 0–2 h and 2–4 h post-meal minus the average over the 30-min baseline period, respectively) for the same parameters. Test meals: NG = Nasi Goreng (, ), CF = cheese fondue (, ). Values are mean ± SEM. For statistical symbols, see legends of Figure 3.

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  Figure 5. Left panels (A–D): time course of changes in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), natural logarithmic transformation of high-frequency power components of RR intervals (Ln HF_RRI), stroke work and cardiac power output in response to meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., absolute changes relative to baseline). Right panels (E–H): mean changes averaged over 0–2 h and 2–4 h after meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., average over 0–2 h and 2–4 h post-meal minus the average over the 30-min baseline period, respectively) for the same parameters. Test meals: NG = Nasi Goreng (, ), CF = cheese fondue (, ). Values are mean ± SEM. For statistical symbols, see legends of Figure 3.

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  Figure 6. Left panels (A–D): time course of changes in skin blood flow, skin hand, finger and nose temperature in response to meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., absolute changes relative to baseline). Right panels (E–H): mean changes averaged over 0–2 h and 2–4 h after meal ingestion and presented as delta (i.e., average over 0–2 h and 2–4 h post-meal minus the average over the 30-min baseline period, respectively) for the same parameters. Test meals: NG = Nasi Goreng (, ), CF = cheese fondue (, ). Values are mean ± SEM. For statistical symbols, see legends of Figure 3.

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  Figure 7. Absolute values of mean blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance (TPR), and double product (DP) during orthostatic challenges (active standing) performed at baseline, at ~2 and ~4 h after ingestion of Nasi Goreng (NG, ) and cheese fondue (CF, ). Data are presented minute per minute, during the 4 min preceding standing position and during the 10 min of orthostatic challenges. The box at the top right refers to the statistical comparison of the changes in all variables (i.e., average during the 10 min of active standing minus the 4 min just before orthostasis) between NG and CF during orthostasis. °Significant difference over time from baseline values (Dunnett’s test). #Significant difference between NG and CF during active standing after paired t test. The level of significance is shown as follow: #(p < 0.05), ##(p < 0.01) and ###(p < 0.001).