A year and a half ago Marshall, 1 in discussing transplantation of the ureters and total cystectomy, wrote as follows, If the ureters are transplanted to the bowel above a normal anal sphincter the patient does not need apparatus, is socially acceptable, and except for the necessity of sitting to urinate, which half the population does naturally, appears outwardly normal. However, the problem is not simple because the immediate and late risks of uretero-intestinal anastomosis are not only greater but are usually of more grave importance than after skin transplantation. The very normalcy which such patients enjoy, however, may in a sense be responsible for one of the serious complications of the procedure. We wish to report at this time briefly on some of our experiences with a group of such patients. About four years ago one of us (D. O. F.) observedthat after both ureters have been transplanted
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Deward O. Ferris (1950) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 2 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: