An electrorheological fluid, a special type of suspension with controllable fluidity by an electric field, generally contains semiconducting or polarizable materials as electro-responsive parts. These materials align in the direction of the applied electric field to generate a solid-like phase in the suspension. These electro-responsive smart materials, including dielectric inorganics, semiconducting polymers and their hybrids, and polymer/inorganic composites, are reviewed in terms of their mechanism, rheological analysis and dielectric characteristics.
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Liu et al. (2012) studied this question.
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