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Layered TiO2 nanotube arrays with new structures were prepared by switching the applied voltage of anodization of Ti. Taking advantage of the solvent effect, in an ethylene glycol electrolyte, arrays with thickness-modulated nanotube walls were prepared; in formamide electrolytes, nanotube arrays on 3-D nanopores, arrays with branched structures and arrays with separable nanotube segments were fabricated by designed voltage procedures.
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Xiong et al. (2014) studied this question.
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