Methodological review demonstrates how age, period, and cohort effects diverge pulmonary function trends across study designs, highlighting confounding risks in respiratory epidemiology.
"Age, Period, and Cohort Effects: Influences on Differences between Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Pulmonary Function Results." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154(6_pt_2), pp. S273–S277
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Michael D. Lebowitz (1996) studied this question.
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