Population
Single canine cardiac Purkinje cells
Comparison
Anthopleurin-A (Ap-A) toxin vs Control (before modification by Ap-A toxin)
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Animal data quantify cardiac Na channel gating charge; leaves open translation to human electrophysiology or antiarrhythmic targets.
The study characterizes the voltage dependence and gating charge of the open-to-inactivated state transition in cardiac sodium channels, estimating a valence of 0.75 e- for this transition.
Sheets et al. (1995) studied this question.
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