Sprayer usage among rice farmers in the Muda area, Malaysia

A farm survey of 915 rice farmers in the Muda area showed that about 80% of the farmers own sprayers. The lever operated knapsack (LOK) sprayer is most popular. They are sold in over 30 brand names, mainly in retail and hardware shops. Sprayers owned are generally between 3–6 years old. About 76% of the farmers said that they are considering buying a sprayer in the near future. The most popular choice is the LOK sprayer with a tank capacity of about 3 gallons and a price range of between M$50–100 (US$19–38). Farmers are not aware of the newer spray methods, such as controlled droplet application, tractor‐mounted sprayers and fogging machines. About 93% had never attended any training course on crop spraying or sprayer maintenance. In case of problems with sprayers, they normally do not seek help. Most farmers said they normally clean the sprayers using water f rom the irrigation canals after each use. Nozzles are also cleaned but are seldom replaced. It is apparent from the survey that there is an urgent need for more training programmes on spraying techniques and sprayer maintenance for rice farmers in the Muda area. The LOK sprayer is likely to remain as the main spray equipment and efforts should be made to improve them, both in research and in improving use efficiency. There is great variation in quality of the various brands available. Minimum standards should be set to prevent the sale of poor quality sprayers, which will contaminate the operators. Agricultural authorities should consider establishing centres or ‘sprayer clinics’, where farmers can obtain advice, repairs and training on spray equipment.