What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of depression among hypertensive patients receiving routine hospital follow-up care.

January 1, 2023SAGE Open NursingOpen Access

Magnitude and Severity of Depression and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Follow-up Treatment at Public Hospitals of Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia

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Why the study?

Comorbid depression in hypertension leads to non-adherence to antihypertensive treatment, prompting an assessment of depression magnitude, severity, and associated factors.

Key Points

To determine the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of depression among hypertensive patients receiving routine hospital follow-up care.
Hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 1 to January 31, 2022, among 315 hypertensive patients selected via systematic random sampling in public hospitals of Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia.
Face-to-face interviews were conducted, and bivariable followed by multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to determine factors independently associated with depression.
The overall magnitude of depression among hypertensive patients was 37.1% (95% CI: 31.7–43.9), with severity categorized as mild (6.7%), moderate (17.3%), moderately severe (14.7%), and severe (5.1%).
Depression risk was significantly higher among patients with co-morbidities (AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.34–4.42) and low medication adherence (AOR 2.70, 95% CI: 1.17–6.24).
Lower odds of depression were associated with normal BMI (AOR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02–0.23), overweight BMI (AOR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.35), lack of family history of hypertension (AOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18–0.85), low perceived stress (AOR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.56), and moderate medication adherence (AOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.88).

Structured PICO

Population

315 hypertensive patients attending follow-up treatment at public hospitals of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia

Outcome

Magnitude and severity of depressionpatient reported

Approximately 37% of hypertensive patients in this Ethiopian cohort experienced depression, highlighting the need for screening and management of comorbidities and stress to improve medication adherence.

Implication

Hypothesis-generating for depression screening in hypertension care; prospective studies needed before changing practice.

Abstract

Introduction Co-morbid depression in hypertension leads to non-adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment. Objective To assess the magnitude and severity of depression and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending follow-up treatment at public hospitals of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, to January 31, 2022. The total sample size was 315 and used a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview. Data were entered using Epi-data Version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 25 for analysis. The goodness-of-fit test was done. Binary logistic regression was done, and variables with a p-value of < .25 in the bivariable analysis were taken into the multivariable analysis. Statistically significant was declared at a p-value of < .05 with an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Result The magnitude of depression among hypertensive patients was 37.1% (95% CI 31.7–43.9). Regarding the severity, 56.1% had no depression, 6.7% had mild, 17.3% had moderate, 14.7% had moderately severe, and 5.1% had severe depression. Body mass index: 19.12–24.9 kg/m 2 [AOR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02–0.23], body mass index: 25–29.9 kg/m 2 [AOR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.35], absence of family history hypertension [AOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18–0.85], presence of co-morbidity [AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.34–4.42), low perceived stress scale [AOR 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.56], low medication adherence [AOR 2.70, 95% CI: 1.17–6.24], and moderate medication adherence [AOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.88] were significantly associated. Conclusion About four in 10 hypertensive patients attending follow-up treatment were depressed. The mean score of severity of depression was mild. Body mass index, family history of hypertension, co-morbidity, perceived stress scale, and medication adherence were significantly associated with depression. Therefore, maintaining body mass index, screening and treating co-morbid illness, accommodating stress, and educating about medication adherence might minimize the risk of depression.