Population
Isolated cross-circulated canine left ventricle
Comparison
Increasing stroke volume while keeping systolic… vs Isovolumic state (stroke volume = 0)
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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PVA outperforms FTI as VO2 predictor under varying loads in canine LV; leaves open translation to human ventricular energetics.
In canine left ventricles, pressure-volume area (PVA) remains a reliable predictor of myocardial oxygen consumption regardless of ventricular loading conditions, whereas force-time integral (FTI) does not.
Suga et al. (1987) studied this question.
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