The safety of fondaparinux sodium for the treatment of venous thromboembolism

INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common and potentially fatal disease. Fondaparinux is a synthetic agent able to act on single factors involved in the coagulation network, which could be administered at fixed doses and with a more predictable response. AREAS COVERED: This review will focus on the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in the treatment of major VTE (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and in the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). EXPERT OPINION: Results of high quality randomized controlled trials have clearly shown the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux in comparison to conventional treatment in patients with a major VTE. There are limited evidences on the safety and efficacy of different options in patients presenting with SVT. Fondaparinux has been evaluated in a large population of patients presenting with a SVT. Results of this high quality RCT provided the evidence on the efficacy and safety of fondaparinux 2.5 mg s.c./day for 45 days in this setting. Thus, considering the evidence of the literature and thanks to its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, fondaparinux represent a valid treatment option for both the acute management of patients with major VTE, and for the treatment of SVT.