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Approximately 40% of patients with epilepsy have seizures that do not adequately respond to medical therapy. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy, approved 5 years ago by the Food and Drug Administration, offers a therapeutic option for patients with pharmacoresistant seizures. This supplement updates developments with VNS therapy since its approval and suggests future directions for this still-evolving treatment.
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Schachter et al. (2002) studied this question.
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