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Effective therapeutic management of Parkinson disease (PD) with deep brain stimulation (DBS) requires both relief of motor manifestations as well as the avoidance of off-target side effects. Adverse effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS caused by stimulation of adjacent structures can include paresthesiae, muscle contractions, dysarthria, and diplopia[1,2]. Additionally, the STN contains overlapping functional zones, including associative and limbic regions, stimulation of which may elicit depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms[3].
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Baumgartner et al. (2025) studied this question.
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