TdP Incidence in Methoxamine-Sensitized Rabbit Model Is Reduced With Age but Not Influenced by Hypercholesterolemia

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. (A) Total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) plasma levels in cholesterol-fed rabbits (CH). *p ≤ 0.05 vs. baseline. (B) Incidence of TdP and non-TdP arrhythmias in young rabbits (YC), adult control rabbits (AC), and cholesterol-fed rabbits (CH). *p ≤ 0.05 vs. YC. (C) Representative recording of TdP arrhythmia.

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  FIGURE 2. ECG characteristics of young rabbits (YC), adult control rabbits (AC), and cholesterol-fed rabbits (CH) at baseline, in the presence of methoxamine, and in the presence of methoxamine + dofetilide. *p ≤ 0.05. (A) RR interval, (B) QTc interval. (C) Representative examples of ECG.

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  FIGURE 3. Autonomic drive, STV and ectopic activity in young (YC), adult control (AC), and cholesterol-fed rabbits (CH). (A) HRV expressed as power in the low (LF) and high (HF) frequency bands and ratio of LF/HF (LF/HF). (B) Short term variability (STV) of QTc. (C) Incidence of single (SEB) and multiple (MEB) ectopic beats. *p ≤ 0.05.

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  FIGURE 4. QTc, autonomic drive, STV and ectopic activity in rabbits without arrhythmia (no arrhythmia), with non-TdP arrhythmias (non TdP), and with TdP arrhythmia (TdP). (A) QTc interval, (B) HRV expressed as power in the low (LF) and high (HF) frequency bands and ratio of LF/HF (LF/HF). (C) Short term variability (STV) of QTc. (D) Incidence of single (SEB) and multiple (MEB) ectopic beats. *p ≤ 0.05.

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  FIGURE 5. Entropy analysis in rabbits without arrhythmia (no arrhythmia), with non TdP arrhythmia (non TdP), and with TdP arrhythmia (TdP). (A) Amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE), (B) information exergy index (IEIN, sigma). (C) AAPE and IEIN relation; arbitrary threshold 1.975 and 670, respectively. *p ≤ 0.05 vs. no arrhythmia group.