Preisach modeling of a field-induced nonlinear strain of a ferroelectric material was carried out. A hysteron having a tristable property was proposed. The three stable states correspond to the three stable polarization states of a ferroelectric material. The domain evolution under an electric field was calculated. Finally, the electric-field-induced strain of ferroelectric ceramics was calculated and compared with experimental values. The proposed model enables the description of major and minor strain butterfly loops of ferroelectric materials.
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Kadota et al. (2012) studied this question.
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