Development and Sensitivity Analysis of a 3-D Computational Human Thermoregulation Model

A three-dimensional computational human thermoregulation model is developed. The model can be used to get diverse outcomes not attainable through experiments alone. The credibility of the model is established through extensive validation, comparing its outcomes with existing literature across various conditions. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of the counter-current heat exchange coefficient, basal blood perfusion rate, coefficient of mixed convection, and basal metabolism, contribute to a comprehensive understanding of human thermoregulation behavior. Results indicate that thermoneutral temperature is highly sensitive to basal metabolism and perfusion. Alterations in counter-current heat exchange coefficient (hccx ) significantly influence core and skin temperatures, particularly during cold exposure and in vital organs like the head. Modifying the external convective heat transfer coefficient (hc,mix) impacts skin and extremity temperatures under high temperatures, while core temperature remains relatively stable. Physical activity at hot environments remarkably elevates core and skin temperatures, proving unsafe for extended periods. Metabolic rate reductions lower core and skin temperatures, particularly in cold conditions, highlighting the thermal preferences of older adults with lower metabolic rates. Changes in basal blood perfusion significantly regulate body temperatures, with reduced perfusion increasing core temperatures while lowering skin and extremity temperatures.