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The efficiency roll-off at high brightness levels is a key factor limiting the application of organic light emitting diodes. We investigate triplet-triplet annihilation in an archetype phosphorescent host-guest system. We show that the currently used host-guest systems are not at the physical limit set by intrinsic annihilation, but have an increased roll-off due to aggregate formation. The existence of these aggregates is directly proven by transmission electron microscopy.
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Reineke et al. (2009) studied this question.
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