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A simple electrostatic retarding potential analyzer (RPA) configuration is described that gives a true measure of charged particle energy irrespective of the angle of incidence of the particles. The device has an inherently high energy resolution (ΔE/E<0.01). The device eliminates errors in particle energy measurement usually associated with planar gridded RPAs. Electrostatic models and results from an experimental prototype are presented.
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C. L. Enloe (1994) studied this question.
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