Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Is Increased in Mast Cells and Pericytes in Autopsy Myocardial Specimens from Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Figures

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  Figure 1. Comparison of fibrosis area using Masson’s trichrome stain. (a) Representative Masson’s trichrome stain images of autopsy myocardial specimens obtained from non-Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and DMD patients. The scale bar indicates 1000 μm. (b) Comparison of the percentages of fibrotic areas in non-DMD and DMD tissue sections. Images used for the analysis are shown in Figure S1. Each value is the mean ± S.E. (n = 5). * p < 0.05 represents significant differences between the two groups (unpaired Student’s t-test).

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  Figure 2. Comparison of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) mRNA (a) and protein (b,c) levels of autopsy myocardial specimens obtained from non-DMD and DMD patients. (b) Representative Western blotting images of HPGDS and GAPDH proteins. Uncropped images are available in Figure S3. In (a,c), each value represents the mean ± S.E. (n = 5). There were no significant differences among the two groups (unpaired Student’s t-test).

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  Figure 3. Representative images of fluorescent immunostaining to identify HPGDS-expressing cells of autopsy myocardial specimens obtained from DMD patients. All images have the same settings for HPGDS (red), DAPI (blue), and brightfield, along with their respective green settings. The original images without superimposition are available in Figure S5. The scale bars are indicated on each image.

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  Figure 4. Comparison of the percentage of Tryptase- (a), NG2- (b), CD11b- (c), Tryptase/HPGDS- (d), NG2/HPGDS- (e), and CD11b/HPGDS-positive cells (f) in HPGDS-expressing cells of the autopsy myocardial specimens obtained from non-DMD and DMD patients. Gating strategies for flow cytometry are shown in Figure S6. In all panels, each value is the mean ± S.E. (n = 5). ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 indicates significant differences among the two groups (unpaired Student’s t-test).