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tion acquired at an early age or in concert with another pathogen can result in poor control of EBV replication and may be a risk factor for subsequent chronic illness-es including malignancy. Slyker and col-leagues report in this issue of the Journal that primary EBV infection was more frequent and more severe in infants co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) than in those who were HIV-negative [1]. Their clinical re-search study, which used repository samples and archival data from an inves-tigation of Kenyan infants born to HIV-infected mothers [2, 3], makes several
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Balfour et al. (2013) studied this question.
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