Appraising Research in Second Language Learning: A practical approach to critical analysis of quantitative research

Preface IX TEXTBOOK 1 1. Introduction 3 1.1 The abstract 3 1.2 The background to the problem and the problem statement 4 1.3 The review of the literature 9 1.4 Research questions and hypotheses, variables, and operational definitions 15 2. Method and procedures 35 2.1 Subjects and materials 35 2.2 Procedures 54 2.3 Research design and data analysis 64 3. Results 93 The presentation and nature of findings 93 Correlation 102 Regression 109 T-tests 112 Analyses of variance 121 Chi-squared 132 4. Discussion and conclusions 137 The quality of the discussion and conclusions 137 WORKBOOK 149 Glossary of key terms in quantitative research 231 Appendixes 247 Further reading 261 Index of main subjects in Textbook 263