A Long-Term Physical Activity Coaching Program for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Figure 1.. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials diagram of the study. Invalid PA measures were due to insufficient or incorrect wearing (n = 4), technical failure of the device (n = 5), refusal to wear the device (n = 2), or unscheduled medical intervention (n = 3). COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; PA = physical activity.

Figure 2.. (Left) Intention-to-treat (ITT) changes in physical activity–related outcomes for the full coaching group (green) and light coaching group (gray), expressed as mean ± SEM. (Right) Per-protocol (PP) changes in physical activity–related outcomes for the full coaching group (blue) and light coaching group (gray), expressed as mean ± SEM. The PP analysis included compliant participants in the full coaching intervention (defined as having more than 50% of the weekly reports answered) and all participants in the light coaching intervention. (A and F) Mean steps per day. (B and G) Mean walking time. (C and H) Movement intensity during walking. (D and I) Clinical Visit–PROactive Physical Activity (C-PPAC) difficulty score (range, 0–100 points, with higher scores indicating less perceived difficulty during physical activity). (E and J) C-PPAC amount score (range, 0–100 points, with higher scores indicating higher perceived amount of physical activity in daily life).

Figure 3.. Response rate from baseline to 6- and 12-month follow-up for the full coaching group (left) and light coaching group (right). “Improved” was defined as an increase of 1,000 or more steps, “stable” as a change between +1,000 and −1,000 steps, and “decreased” as a decline of 1,000 or more steps. “Missing” denotes subjects with missing physical activity data at 6- and/or 12-month follow-up.

Figure 4.. Relative weekly changes of Fitbit data for the full coaching group (green line) and light coaching group (gray line) (mean ± SEM). Fitbit data is weekly aggregated data of daily step count data measured using the Fitbit device. Daily steps are corrected for daylight time.