October 29, 2022VaccinesOpen Access

Laboratory Indicators for Identifying Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Why the study?

The study was conducted to evaluate laboratory indicators for the identification of hand, foot, and mouth disease severity.

Do laboratory indicators predict the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Structured PICO

Do laboratory indicators predict the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Population

Patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)

Intervention

Laboratory indicators (WBC, blood glucose, lymphocytes, creatinine, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CK-MB)

Outcome

HFMD severity

Various immune and metabolic laboratory indicators, including WBC, blood glucose, and cytokines, are associated with an increased risk of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Implication

WBC and blood glucose aid HFMD severity stratification; reinforces meta-analytic support for routine prognostic use.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to study laboratory indicators for the identification of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) severity. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science for literature that was published before May 2022. The main results are presented as forest plots. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were also performed. RESULTS: Our study indicated that white blood cells (WBC) (95%CI: 0.205-0.778), blood glucose (95%CI: 0.505-0.778), lymphocytes (95%CI: 0.072-0.239), creatinine (95%CI: 0.024-0.228), interleukin (IL)-2 (95%CI: 0.192-1.642), IL-6 (95%CI: 0.289-0.776), IL-8 (95%CI: 0.499-0.867), IL-10 (95%CI: 0.226-0.930), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (95%CI: 0.193-2.584), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (95%CI: 1.078-2.715), and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) (95%CI: 0.571-1.459) were associated with an increased risk of HFMD severity, and the results of the sensitivity analysis of these indicators were stable and free of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that various deleterious immune and metabolic changes can increase the risk of HFMD severity, which can provide a basis for predicting the prognosis and useful evidence for clinicians to manage patients efficiently.