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It is challenging to communicate innovative infrastructure concepts, especially when conveying spatial and operational complexity to diverse stakeholders. Immersive visualizations offer new ways of addressing these challenges. This article presents a case study of the development and evaluation of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) demonstrators for communicating the MicroPorts concept: a modular inland port facility designed to optimize freight logistics by repurposing existing infrastructure. The two demonstrators were created, with each one emphasizing different visualization and interaction characteristics. A user study focused on experts assessed perceived usability, spatial comprehension, and communicative value. Due to differences in design scope and technical constraints, the results are interpreted as comparative feedback on the two demonstrator implementations. The findings emphasize the complementary strengths of AR for contextual integration and VR for immersive spatial understanding, providing Practical lessons for designing immersive visualization tools for infrastructure planning.
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Leder et al. (2026) studied this question.
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