Role and Mechanisms of the mTOR Signalling Pathway in the Synthesis of Milk Components

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Lactose, milk fat, and milk protein are the primary nutritional components of milk. They serve as key indicators for assessing its nutritional value and are closely linked to the economic benefits of the dairy industry. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cellular growth and proliferation by modulating the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, while concurrently suppressing catabolic processes such as autophagy. This pathway is particularly imperative for ensuring efficient and healthy reproduction in dairy cows and beef cattle. Therefore, the present paper provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying the synthesis of lactose, milk fat, and milk protein, with particular emphasis on the role of the mTOR signalling pathway in regulating milk component synthesis. These findings lay a theoretical basis for further studies into the roles of mTOR and offer valuable insights for enhancing nutritional regulation strategies aimed at improving milk component composition. Importantly, they suggest that targeting the mTOR signalling pathway to promote efficient and healthy farming of dairy cattle may be a potential strategy to boost livestock industry profits.