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This article has explored history, recent advances, and challenges in distributed synchronization for distributed wireless systems. It is focused on synchronization schemes based on exchange of signals at the physical layer and corresponding baseband processing, wherein analysis and design can be performed using known tools from signal processing. Emphasis has also been given on the synergy between distributed synchronization and distributed estimation/detection problems. Finally, we have touched upon synchronization of nonperiodic (chaotic) signals. Overall, we hope to have conveyed the relevance of the subject and to have provided insight on the open issues and available analytical tools that could inspire further research within the signal processing community.
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Simeone et al. (2008) studied this question.