Modification strategies of molybdenum sulfide towards practical high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries: a review

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Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) have undoubtedly become one of the most promising battery systems due to their high energy density and the cost‐effectiveness of sulfur cathodes. However, challenges, such as the shuttle effect from soluble long‐chain lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the low conductivity of active materials, hinder their commercialization. Under this circumstance, molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 ) has attracted widespread attention due to its unique physicochemical properties, particularly its capability to mitigate the shuttle effect in LSBs through electrostatic or chemical bonds. Nonetheless, the industrial application of MoS 2 in LSBs is limited by the inertness of its basal surface and inadequate electron transfer properties. This review mainly introduces various modification strategies of MoS 2 materials in LSBs and their effects on electrochemical and catalytic performance. Unlike previous reviews and related papers, detailed discussions were conducted on the specific mechanisms of each modification strategy, including (1) shape manipulation, (2) support engineering, (3) heterostructure engineering, (4) defect engineering, (5) interlayer engineering, (6) phase engineering, (7) strain engineering, (8) hybridization. Comprehensive conclusions and outlook on the development of MoS 2 as an abundant electrocatalyst for LSBs are also discussed in the end.