The direct approach: The title coupling reactions of N-aryl glycine esters with unmodified ketones occurred smoothly in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) under mild conditions (see scheme). The oxidant used for CH activation determined the selectivity of the reactions for a particular type of ketone substrate.
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Xie et al. (2010) studied this question.
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