Novel cytoprotective and catalytic properties of ruthenium( ii ) arene complexes in metabolic redox dysregulation

-induced oxidative stress in HeLa cells and preserve mitochondrial membrane potential, particularly with complex C4. In addition, the peroxidase-like catalytic activity enables sensitive detection of glutathione in biological matrices with limits of detection in the sub-micromolar range. Collectively, these findings establish Ru(II)-arene complexes as multifunctional redox-active systems that combine catalytic activity, antioxidant capacity, and cytoprotective properties, highlighting their potential as artificial enzyme mimics for regulating oxidative stress in biological systems.