Self-aligning EPM connector: A versatile solution for adaptive and multi-modal interfaces

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This paper presents a multifunctional connector based on electropermanent magnet (EPM) technology that addresses key limitations of existing mechanical, magnetic, and hybrid interfaces. The connector unifies self-alignment, mechanical coupling, fluid transfer, and digital communication within a compact stereolithography (SLA)-printed structure. Experimental evaluation confirms reliable magnetic alignment, consistent fluid-transfer performance across different operating modes, and stable data exchange through an integrated electronic interface. The mechanical architecture provides substantial flexibility, allowing the connector to accommodate axial, angular, and lateral misalignments while maintaining secure engagement and synchronized motion after docking. An optimized EPM design, in which the coil is wound exclusively around the AlNiCo element, improves magnetic efficiency and reduces energy requirements during switching. Collectively, these capabilities establish the connector as a robust and versatile solution for modular robotic platforms, automated docking systems, electric-vehicle charging interfaces, and space-relevant applications requiring precise, adaptive, and low-power interconnections.