Development of stable and sensitive strip biosensors for the rapid detection of organophosphates and aflatoxin B1 in agricultural samples

, respectively. Furthermore, the applicability of these biosensors for detecting OPs or AFB1 in real samples of Chinese cabbage and peanuts was successfully demonstrated. Additionally, the performance of these novel strip composites was validated through comparison with commercial pesticide rapid test papers. Notably, the encapsulated AChE enzymes retained significant sensitivity for over 18 months, even when stored at 37 °C, and the biosensor strips exhibited remarkable resistance to sensitivity loss caused by inhibitors. This work presents a highly sensitive and stable enzyme-based visual detection paper for agricultural and food safety applications. In addition to its outstanding resistance to interference, the developed biosensor ensures reliable reproducibility and maintains stability over long-term use. This new approach to OP analysis in ecological samples has also been effectively used in the determination of OPs in lake water.