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Cholesterol is an essential structural element of cellular membranes as well as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids, and lipoproteins. Mammalian cells obtain cholesterol by internalization of low density lipoproteins (LDL)1(1 )or by de novo synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Deposition of excess cellular cholesterol in the form of cholesteryl esters is catalyzed by acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), a resident ER enzyme. Rates of cholesterol biosynthesis, LDL internalization, and cholesterol esterification are exquisitely sensitive to cellular levels of free cholesterol.
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Liscum et al. (1995) studied this question.
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