Why the study?
Extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis are rare in developed countries, and the epidemiology of tuberculous pericarditis in the United States is unknown.
Tuberculous pericarditis is rare in the US and appears to be associated with chronic kidney disease and malignancy rather than classical TB risk factors like HIV.
Tuberculous pericarditis remains rare among US inpatients; leaves open questions on evolving risk factors and regional trends.
Background: Extra pulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are rare in developed countries. TB is the main etiology of chronic pericarditis in developing countries, but it's epidemiology is not unknown in the United States. Methods: This retrospective study used the Healthcare Utilization Projects/Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUPS/NIS) database from 2002-2014 to evaluate the characteristics, risk factors, trends over time and region of tuberculous pericarditis in the United States. Results: The data during the study period consists of 100,790,900 discharges accounting for 482,872,274 weighted discharges. The data showed 744 weighted discharges with indication of both tuberculosis and pericarditis. A co-ocurrence of TB pericarditis and malignancy or chronic kidney disease was more common than in patients without TB pericarditis. The frequency of co-ocurrence of TB pericarditis and HIV infection, obesity, alcohol abuse and organ transplant was not elevated. Conclusion: TB pericarditis is rare disease in the USA and the classical risk factors for lung tuberculosis may not be associated with TB pericarditis. CKD and malignancy appear to be associated with TB pericarditis, further studies are required to determine causality.
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Lima et al. (2019) studied this question.
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