Profile of Needs Analysis of Five-Tier Diagnostic Instrument Development for High School Chemistry Courses

Education plays an important role in spearheading the progress of the nation, therefore educators are required to be more creative and innovative in preparing students to face the challenges of the times through quality education.Quality in education can be improved through learning components such as good lesson planning, quality learning processes and implementation of learning evaluations.However, in practice, the evaluation of learning outcomes is often neglected (Yulianti & Andriani, 2014).Implementation of learning evaluation is needed because it can be used as a guide for educators to find out learning difficulties for students (Mubarak et al., 2016).It is also necessary to have learning motivation for students to increase activity and direct them to be involved in learning (Widarti, Anggraini, et al., 2022) so that the intensity of experiencing misconceptions becomes low.Misconceptions in students can be identified using diagnostic tests (Abidin & Retnawati, 2019).Diagnostic assessment is a process to identify the competencies, strengths and weaknesses of students, so that learning can be designed according to the competencies and conditions of students.Diagnostic tests that can be used to identify misconceptions have various forms, such as interviews, open-ended questions, multiple choice tests or graded questions (two-tier, three-tier, four-tier, and five-tier tests) and others (Soeharto et al., 2019).According to Gurel et al. (2015) states that each type of diagnostic test has its own drawbacks.The use of interview tests takes a lot of time, requires special skills in interviews, data analysis is rather difficult and complicated, and difficult to use in large numbers [12]-[10].The disadvantages of using an open test are that there is a possibility of biased answers, it is difficult to evaluate results and analyze student answers (Gurel et al., 2015), while the multiple choice test cannot provide indepth information about students' answers.The development of the multiple choice test was carried out to correct the weaknesses in the previous test.The deficiencies in the twotier to four-tier tests were corrected in the five-tier test.Misconceptions in chemistry subjects often occur.Chemistry is an abstract lesson for students and seems difficult to understand.Misconceptions in chemistry lessons will be fatal because the concepts in chemistry are related to one another.in research (Rokhim et al., 2023); if students have misconceptions during chemistry lessons, this can result in students falling behind in chemistry lessons.Therefore, before a misconception occurs, the teacher should check whether students experience misconceptions in chemistry lessons.