Significant Predictors Influencing the Adoption of ChatGPT Usage in the Academia in Sindh, Pakistan: Extension of UTAUT Model

IntroductIonSince technology evolved, advanced technology has been considered a valuable tool in modern education due to its ability to enhance teaching and learning experiences, improve educational outcomes, and facilitate access to knowledge to help prepare learners for success in the digital age Aleksic-Maslac & Magzan, (2012).In the context of modern education, a recently launched innovative AI-based application known as ChatGPT.Moreover, ChatGPT is an AI-powered conversational mediator application developed by OpenAI, Grassini (2023).It is based on the GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) architecture, which has to be developed for generating human-like text responses in natural language Bitzenbauer, ( 2023); Neumann et al. (2023).According to researcher Trương (2023), the ChatGPT tool employs machine learning techniques to generate text-based input received from users and engaging conversations on a variety of topics and provide information on academic and research literature by Fauzi et al. (2023); Baidoo-Anu & Owusu Ansah, (2023).Additionally, ChatGPT can provide personalized learning support to learners by answering questions, explaining concepts, and offering guidance on various academic content as well as existing research literature, it also interacts to receive instant feedback tailored to their individual needs and learning preferences Korzynski et AbstrActThe innovative ChatGPT AI-based application is considered a supplemental tool for learners to assist and guide broader academic information and research opportunities in various domains.This study uses the modified UTAUT model to investigate the significant predictors influencing the learners' intention to adopt ChatGPT in academia in Sindh, Pakistan.The learners' intention to adopt the ChatGPT tool is assessed based on significant predictors such as DS, HCI, PE, EE, SI, and FC as key indicators influencing the ChatGPT adoption.The research model and suggested hypotheses were addressed using a quantitative technique.Data gathered from 497 respondents as learners from top-ranked public institutions in Sindh, Pakistan, was examined using the PLS-SEM approach.This research found that all significant predictors influencing learners' intention to adopt the ChatGPT tool and all predictors have a more significant impact.This research study can help administration and IT experts incorporate the skills and techniques associated with the ChatGPT tool in education in Sindh, Pakistan.