The Effects of Phenothiazines on Endocrine Function: II

There is ample evidence that high doses of phenothiazines and other neuroleptics depress the pituitary-gonadal axis in experimental animals (De Wied, 1967), but the effects of these drugs on sex hormones in human subjects are still controversial (Shader and Di Mascio, 1970). Literature concerning growth hormone (GH) is even more controversial, since phenothiazines have been found to inhibit GH release in rodents (Muller et al., 1967) but to increase it in the rhesus monkey (Meyer and Knobil, 1967). In human subjects phenothiazines have been reported to depress both basal levels of GH and the response to hypoglycaemia (Sherman et al., 1971), while others have found that this response is enhanced (Schimmelbusch, Mueller and Scheps, 1971). Studies of prolactin levels are more consistent, showing raised prolactin both in experimental animals and in human subjects following administration of phenothiazines (Apostolakis et al., 1972; Hwang et al., 1971; Kleinberg et al., 1971; Sulman, 1970).