A technique for the analysis of the response of dams to earthquakes

A finite element technique is developed for two‐dimensional problems of dynamics of dam–water–foundation systems taking into account all interactions rigorously. Water–foundation interaction, which previous developments have only simulated, is considered by imposing proper conditions at the fluid–solid interface. Furthermore, the technique permits treatment of layered foundations. An application to a concrete gravity dam–water–foundation system is presented and discussed.