Laparoscopic Surgery May Be Associated With Severe Pain and High Analgesia Requirements in the Immediate Postoperative Period

In Brief Objective: To assess the immediate (0–4 hours) postoperative pain level in patients after laparoscopy and laparotomy whose analgesic requirement in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) exceeds standard morphine therapy. Background data: Clinical observation has raised the suspicion that laparoscopic surgery may be associated with more intense immediate postoperative pain than expected. Methods: This prospective study assessed the 24-hour pain intensity and analgesia requirements in patients who underwent similar abdominal surgery via laparoscopy or laparotomy under standardized general anesthesia and whose pain in the PACU was resistant to 120 μg/kg intravenous morphine. Results: Of 145 sampled PACU patients, 67 were in pain (≥6 of 10 VAS) within a 30-minute postoperative period. They were then given up to 4 intravenous boluses of 15 μg/kg morphine + 250 μg/kg ketamine. The pain VAS of 36 laparotomy patients was 4.14 ± 2.14 (SD) and 1.39 ± 0.55 at 10 and 120 minutes, respectively, after 1.33 ± 0.59 doses of morphine + ketamine; the pain VAS of 31 laparoscopy patient was 6.06 ± 1.75 and 2.81 ± 1.14, respectively (P < 0.0005) following 2.0 ± 0.53 doses (P = 0.0005). Diclofenac 75 mg intramuscular usage was similar (P = 0.43) between the groups up to 9 hours after surgery but was higher in the laparotomy group by 24 hours (P = 0.01). Pain scores at 24 hours after surgery were lower for the laparoscopy patients (3.01 ± 0.87) compared with their laparotomy counterparts (4.45 ± 0.98, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Among patients after abdominal surgery with severe immediate (0–4 hours) postoperative pain, laparoscopic patients are a significant (46%) proportion, and their pain is more intense, requiring more analgesics than painful patients (54%) do after laparotomy. By 24 hours, the former are in less pain than the latter. Severe pain resistant to standard morphine treatment was encountered immediately (0–4 hours) after abdominal surgery in 67 of 145 sampled PACU patients. Among these painful patients, the 4-hour mean pain intensity after laparoscopy (31 of 69 individuals) was higher by 60% compared with laparotomy (36 of 76 patients); 33% more doses of analgesics were required to satisfactorily control such pain in the former. The 24-hour parameters after laparoscopy were better than after laparotomy.