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Recent theoretical developments on the physics of spin currents in semiconductors, metals and insulators are reviewed with the stress on the role of relativistic spin–orbit interaction. The key concept is the interplay between the electric field and spin current, which might enable the spintronics without magnetic field/magnets. We present this principle discussing spin Hall effect and multiferroic behavior as two realizations.
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Naoto Nagaosa (2008) studied this question.
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