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In this investigation, we successfully synthesized fused pyridonaphthyridines, a newly identified class of fused heterocyclic compounds, through an efficient multicomponent reaction. The methodology involved utilizing 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-iminopropanamide, 2-(1,3-diimino-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene) malononitrile, alkyl bromides, and activated acetylenic derivatives within an aqueous medium at ambient temperature. Notably, the process was facilitated by a reusable catalyst composed of Ag/Fe3O4@GO. The newly synthesized compounds were subsequently evaluated for their antiproliferative potential against MCF-7 breast cancer and HCT-15 colon cancer cell lines using the Sulfo-rhodamine B (SRB) assay, along with their antioxidant capabilities. Among the compounds tested, derivatives 5c and 5 g demonstrated notably superior antiproliferative activity relative to their counterparts. To further explore their interaction with biological macromolecules, these two compounds underwent UV-Vis spectral analysis to determine their binding affinities to DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results revealed affinity constants of K5c-DNA = 7.32 × 10³ M−1, K5g-DNA = 2.09 × 104 M−1, K5c-BSA = 5.32 × 104 M−1, and K5g-BSA = 8.24 × 104 M−1, respectively. The outcomes of this study could provide novel insights into the relationship between the chemical structure of these pyridonaphthyridine analogs and their capacity to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
Amiri et al. (Tue,) studied this question.