Nano-Resveratrol: A Promising Candidate for the Treatment of Renal Toxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Rats Through Modulation of Beclin-1 and mTOR

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Card and N-Resv ameliorate urea (A) and creatinine (B) after DXR-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). *** p ≤ 0.001 versus Control rats, ### p ≤ 0.001, # p ≤ 0.05 versus DXR-intoxicated rats, and πππp ≤ 0.001 versus Card-treated rats.

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  FIGURE 2. Card and N-Resv decrease renal MDA (A) and increase GSH (B) levels after DXR-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). *** p ≤ 0.001 versus Control rats, ### p ≤ 0.01, # p ≤ 0.05 versus DXR intoxicated rats, and πππp ≤ 0.001 versus Card treated rats.

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  FIGURE 3. Effect of Card and/or Resv and N-Resv on the protein expression of renal beclin-1 and mTOR after DXR intoxication: Representative Western blot of fractionated samples (A). Quantitative analysis of the protein expression of renal beclin-1 (B) and mTOR (C). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). *** p ≤ 0.001 versus Control rats, ### p ≤ 0.001, # p ≤ 0.05 versus DXR-intoxicated rats, πππp ≤ 0.001, ππp ≤ 0.01, and πp ≤ 0.05 versus Card-treated rats.

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  FIGURE 4. The effect of DXR on podocin, KIM-1, and endoglin mRNA expression in control and different treated groups: representative RT-PCR (A). Quantitative analysis of podocin (B), KIM-1 (C), and endoglin (D) mRNA expression. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). *** p ≤ 0.001 versus Control rats, ### p ≤ 0.001 versus DXR-intoxicated rats, πππp ≤ 0.001, and ππp ≤ 0.01 versus Card-treated rats.

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  FIGURE 5. DNA fragmentation analysis of the renal tissue in control, DXR-intoxicated, and DXR-treated rats.

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  FIGURE 6. Photomicrographs of sections from renal tissue of (A) control rats showing the normal renal cortex, corpuscle and glomerulus, and normal pattern of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (B) DXR-intoxicated rats showing few destructed glomeruli corpuscles (green arrows) and cellular hyperplasia of epithelial cells lining the partial layer of Bowman’s capsule, and degenerated epithelial lining of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (C) Card-treated rats showing mild improvement in renal cortex corpuscle and glomerulus and mildly dilated proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (D) Resv-treated rats and (E) N-Resv-treated rats showing renal corpuscle with mild cellularity (hyperplasia of epithelial cells lining the partial layer of Bowman’s capsule), and mildly dilated proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (F) Card + Resv-treated rats showing mild cellular corpuscle and almost normal proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (G) Card + N-Revs-treated rats showing normal corpuscle with glomerulus and normal proximal(black arrow) and distal (yellow arrow) tubules. The Bowman’s capsule and its structure are denoted by red arrows, proximal tubules by black arrows, and distal…