What does this research mean for the field?

The foundation model-driven AI framework FOCUS enables end-to-end automation of 3D OCT retinal disease diagnosis, matching expert performance in abnormality detection and multi-disease classification while improving efficiency. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to develop and validate a foundation model-driven framework for fully automating the diagnostic workflow of 3D OCT in retinal diseases.

February 3, 2026Open Access

Full end-to-end diagnostic workflow automation of 3D OCT via foundation model-driven AI for retinal diseases

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The aim is to develop and validate a foundation model-driven framework for fully automating the diagnostic workflow of 3D OCT in retinal diseases.
Developed the Full-process OCT-based Clinical Utility System (FOCUS) for end-to-end automation.
Used EfficientNetV2-S for image quality assessment and a fine-tuned Vision Foundation Model for classification.
Trained on 3,300 patients and validated on 1,345 patients across diverse OCT devices.
Achieved F1 scores of 99.01% for quality assessment, 97.46% for abnormality detection, and 94.39% for patient-level diagnosis.
Demonstrated stable real-world performance (F1: 90.22%-95.24%).
Matched expert performance in abnormality detection (F1: 95.47% vs 90.91%) and multi-disease diagnosis (F1: 93.49% vs 91.35%).

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Implication

Randomized trial shows improved retinal disease diagnosis in patients, indicating enhanced diagnostic workflow efficiency.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7148586ceb2bbd16e01da2 https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2602.03302

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Full end-to-end diagnostic workflow automation of 3D OCT via foundation model-driven AI for retinal diseases

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Full end-to-end diagnostic workflow automation of 3D OCT via foundation model-driven AI for retinal diseases

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study