Experiences of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Two Rural Kenyan Communities

Objective Global adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) disparities persist despite international attention and guidelines to address them. Significant investments to address adolescent health have been made in Kenya using innovative approaches at the intersection of policy, community, and the healthcare sector. Despite these significant investments, Kenya continues to experience high rates of adolescent pregnancy. The aim of this study was to describe barriers to adolescent sexual health and elicit suggestions to improve adolescent SRH outcomes in rural Kenya.Methods This qualitative study purposively recruited participants to represent key stakeholder groups including adolescents, parents, teachers, faith leaders, and healthcare workers to participate in focus group discussions. Each focus group followed a semi-structured interview guide focused on barriers to adolescent sexual and reproductive health and suggestions for improvement. Following data collection, digital recordings were translated as needed and transcribed into English. The research team collaboratively coded the data using thematic analysis.Results A total of 15 focus groups were conducted ranging in size from 5 to 12 participants and lasted 30 minutes to 2 hours. Findings were grouped into two main themes to describe barriers to adolescent SRH and recommendations to improve adolescent SRH. Barriers included cultural norms, gender, lack of understanding of adolescent development and limited access to sexual and reproductive health information and services. Suggestions for improvement included alternative rites of passage ceremonies for transition to adulthood, gender-specific SRH education and programming, training and support for adults to foster healthy adolescent sexual development, and encouragement and support for adolescent mothers return to school.Conclusion The findings from this study underscore the multifaceted and deeply rooted challenges influencing adolescent SRH in Kenya. Only through coordinated action and inclusive dialogue can the country create an enabling environment where adolescents are informed, empowered, and protected in their journey toward adulthood.