Observation of Risk Factors among 62 Cases of Common Coronary Artery Diseases

Introduction: The largest cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, coronary artery disease (CAD) claims more than 4.5 million lives in the developing world every year. The frequency of CAD risk factors and CAD mortality both continue to rise fast in developing countries despite a recent decline in wealthy countries. The present study aims to investigate the common risk factors, diagnoses, and laboratory parameters of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 62 purposively selected patients who underwent elective CAG in the Department of Cardiology, Rangpur Medical College and Hospital, from July 2020 to June 2021. To analyze and analyze the data after the data collection period, SPSS 23.0 was employed. The Institutional Ethical Review Committee approved the experiment. Result: the majority of patients were male (82.3%) with a mean age of 53.4 years. Current smoking was the most prevalent risk factor (50%) followed by dyslipidemia (46.8%), hypertension (43.5%), family history of CAD (41.9%), and diabetes mellitus (32.3%). The most common diagnosis was non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (38.7%), followed by unstable angina (33.9%) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (27.4%). The mean laboratory parameters of Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Creatinine were mostly within the normal range, except for HbA1C which was slightly higher than the upper limit of the normal range. Conclusion: The results indicate that current smoking is the most prevalent risk factor for CAD, and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction is the most common diagnosis. The laboratory parameters of most patients were within the normal range, except for slightly elevated HbA1C levels.